What Keone Hon calls “asynchronous execution” means deciding the order of transactions first, then executing them later instead of running them immediately. This simple yet powerful idea allows the full block time to be used for execution. Unlike in current systems like Ethereum and Solana, where transactions must be executed before block confirmation, the network can achieve much higher throughput.
Keone Hon tweeted just hours ago:
“Doing some writing today about asynchronous execution (aka deferred execution)…”
So what exactly is asynchronous execution, also known as deferred execution? Let’s take a closer look.
Asynchronous execution is one of Monad’s biggest ideas. The concept is simple: once the official order of transactions in a block is determined, the resulting state of the system is already known. Even if we don’t execute those transactions immediately, running them later in the same order will always produce the same result (deterministic). Monad uses this principle to run transactions slightly later (asynchronously) and gains major efficiency from it.
In Ethereum and Solana, things work differently. There, before a block is finalized, all validators on the network must agree not only on the order of transactions but also on the resulting “state root.” This means transactions must be executed before voting takes place. As a result, most of the block time is spent on consensus communication and voting, leaving very little for execution. For example, in Ethereum’s ~12-second block time, only about 1% (around 100 ms) is available for execution. This severely limits the number of transactions that can be processed per second.
Monad breaks this chain. It separates consensus from execution. First, all nodes agree only on the transaction order. Once the block is finalized, each node executes the transactions locally and updates the network state. This way, execution happens in parallel with consensus and can use the full block time.
The result: higher TPS, more efficient block usage, and all nodes still ending up with the same final state. In short, Monad’s “agree first, execute later” model removes the transaction speed ceiling that current blockchains are stuck under.
Stay with the Monad.